What Influenced Blues Music?
The blues is a musical genre that originated in the African-American communities of the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The term “blues” refers to both the music and the feelings of sadness, loneliness, and despair that are often associated with the genre.
The Mississippi Delta
The Mississippi Delta is often cited as the birthplace of the blues. This fertile region, which extends from Memphis, Tennessee, to Vicksburg, Mississippi, was home to many African Americans who worked in the cotton fields. These workers were exposed to a variety of music, including work songs, spirituals, and folk songs from the British Isles. All of these influences can be heard in the early blues recordings.
The Great Migration
During the first two decades of the twentieth century, more than six million African Americans left the South in what is known as the Great Migration. This mass movement of people was triggered by a number of factors, including economic opportunity, segregation, and racial violence. African Americans were attracted to Northern cities by the promise of factory jobs, which were being created by the country’s burgeoning industrial economy. At the same time, they were fleeing the Jim Crow system of racial segregation and discrimination that prevailed in the South. And they were motivated to leave by a series of race riots and other violent incidents, including the Atlanta Massacre of 1906 and the East St. Louis Riot of 1917.
The Great Migration had a profound impact on every aspect of African American life, including music. The blues, a style of music that originated in the American South, began to spread to Northern cities like Chicago, Detroit, and New York during this period. Northern blues artists added new elements to the genre, including electric guitars and horns. They also began to sing about urban themes like love affairs gone wrong and life in the city. These changes helped to popularize the blues among a wider audience and laid the foundation for subsequent styles like rhythm and blues (R&B) and rock ‘n’ roll.
The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was a blossoming of African American culture in the 1920s and 1930s. It took place primarily in Harlem, an African American neighborhood in New York City. The Renaissance is often considered to have begun with the publication of Alain Locke’s The New Negro in 1925. But perhaps the most important event of the period was the opening of the Apollo Theater in 1934. The Apollo was one of the most popular showplaces for blues and jazz musicians, and it helped to launch the careers of many famous performers, such as Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald.
World War II
During World War II, there was a large migration of African Americans from the southern United States to the northern states in search of work. This migration resulted in a mixing of cultures and music styles, which had a significant impact on the development of blues music.
